The detailed instructions found in genes-determined by how nucleobases in DNA are ordered-are responsible for both the big and small differences between different living organisms and even among similar living organisms. Genes are found in small segments of long DNA strands humans have around 19,000 genes. The slow, steady changes found in DNA over time, known as mutations, which can be destructive, neutral, or beneficial to an organism, are at the core of the theory of evolution. These subsequent three-dimensional shapes, the most common of which is the hairpin loop, help determine what role the RNA molecule is to play - as messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), or ribosomal RNA (rRNA).ĭNA provides living organisms with guidelines-genetic information in chromosomal DNA-that help determine the nature of an organism's biology, how it will look and function, based on information passed down from former generations through reproduction. As a single stranded molecule, RNA folds in on itself to link up its nucleobases, though not all become partnered. In RNA, adenine and uracil ( not thymine) link together, while cytosine still links to guanine. This linking causes DNA's two strands to twist and wind around each other, forming a variety of shapes, such as the famous double helix (DNA's "relaxed" form), circles, and supercoils. Each nucleobase on a nucleotide strand of DNA attaches to its partner nucleobase on a second strand: adenine links to thymine, and cytosine links to guanine. In both molecules, the nucleobases are attached to their sugar-phosphate backbone. RNA folding in on itself into a hairpin loop. RNA is more resistant to damage by Ultra-violet rays. RNA strands are continually made, broken down and reused. DNA can be damaged by exposure to ultra-violet rays. DNA is protected in the nucleus, as it is tightly packed. RNA has larger grooves, which makes it easier to be "attacked" by enzymes. Ribose sugar is more reactive because of C-OH (hydroxyl) bonds. DNA has smaller grooves, which makes it harder for enzymes to "attack." Like DNA, RNA is composed of its phosphate group, five-carbon sugar (the less stable ribose), and 4 nitrogen-containing nucleobases: adenine, uracil (not thymine), guanine, and cytosine.Īdenine links to thymine (A-T) and cytosine links to guanine (C-G).Īdenine links to uracil (A-U) and cytosine links to guanine (C-G).ĭNA is found in the nucleus of a cell and in mitochondria.ĭepending on the type of RNA, this molecule is found in a cell's nucleus, its cytoplasm, and its ribosome.ĭeoxyribose sugar in DNA is less reactive because of C-H bonds. It has two nucleotide strands which consist of its phosphate group, five-carbon sugar (the stable 2-deoxyribose), and four nitrogen-containing nucleobases: adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. Transfers genetic code needed for the creation of proteins from the nucleus to the ribosome.ĭouble-stranded. Helps carry out DNA's blueprint guidelines. Medium of long-term, stable storage and transmission of genetic information. The blueprint of biological guidelines that a living organism must follow to exist and remain functional. The information found in DNA determines which traits are to be created, activated, or deactivated, while the various forms of RNA do the work. DNA's genes are expressed, or manifested, through the proteins that its nucleotides produce with the help of RNA. Comparison chart DNA versus RNA comparison chartĪ nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all modern living organisms.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |